People: those who have interests in Japanese or Japanese culture 1. cognitive characteristics: people who are in a middle level and duration of attention. They have normal ability of thinking and learning. 2. Physical characteristics: they are in different ages( most in 12-30 years old ) without disabilities. 3. Motivations: they like Japanese, or Japan or Japanese culture 4. Experience & Expectation: some of them touch Japanese through Japanese anime, music or movie, etc. These part of people just want to reach a middle level of Japanese, and it is enough for them to be able to speak, write, listen to some Japanese; but some people are the university students majoring in Japanese, they need to pass the test of Japanese to accomplish their university study for job hunting after graduation. 5. Language: Japanese 6. Infrequent vs. frequent users: since these people who want to learn Japanese are not native speakers, therefore, they are infrequent users. They need the help of ...